小红想买些珠子做一串自己喜欢的珠串。卖珠子的摊主有很多串五颜六色的珠串，但是不肯把任何一串拆散了卖。于是小红要你帮忙判断一下，某串珠子里是否包含了全部自己想要的珠子？如果是，那么告诉她有多少多余的珠子；如果不是，那么告诉她缺了多少珠子。

为方便起见，我们用[0-9]、[a-z]、[A-Z]范围内的字符来表示颜色。例如在图1中，第3串是小红想做的珠串；那么第1串可以买，因为包含了全部她想要的珠子，还多了8颗不需要的珠子；第2串不能买，因为没有黑色珠子，并且少了一颗红色的珠子。

输入格式：

每个输入包含 1 个测试用例。每个测试用例分别在 2 行中先后给出摊主的珠串和小红想做的珠串，两串都不超过 1000 个珠子。

输出格式：

如果可以买，则在一行中输出 Yes 以及有多少多余的珠子；如果不可以买，则在一行中输出 No 以及缺了多少珠子。其间以 1 个空格分隔。

输入样例 1：

ppRYYGrrYBR2258
YrR8RrY

输出样例 1：

Yes 8

输入样例 2：

ppRYYGrrYB225
YrR8RrY

输出样例 2：

No 2

编程语言：Python

解题思想：

1.创建两个列表分别存放卖的珠子、买的珠子

2.遍历买的珠子，判断该珠子是否存在于卖的珠子中

3.若存在，则在两个列表中都将该珠子替换为*，不能直接替换为空，会导致循环错误

4.遍历结束后，再将两个列表的*都替换为空

5.此时，若买的珠子长度为0，则卖的珠子的长度就是多余的珠子个数

6.若买的珠子长度不为0，则买的珠子的长度就是缺少的珠子个数

时间复杂度：O(N)

代码如下：

SellBead = input()  # 卖的珠子
BuyBead = input()  # 买的珠子
 
for i in range(len(BuyBead)):  # 遍历买的珠子
    if BuyBead[i] in SellBead:  # 该珠子，卖家也有
        SellBead = SellBead.replace(BuyBead[i], '*', 1)  # 暂时替换为*
        BuyBead = BuyBead.replace(BuyBead[i], '*', 1)  # 暂时替换为*
SellBead = SellBead.replace(' ', '')  # 再将*替换为空
BuyBead = BuyBead.replace(' ', '')  # 再将*替换为空
 
if len(BuyBead) == 0:  # 珠子买齐了
    print("Yes", len(SellBead))
else:  # 珠子没买齐
    print("No", len(BuyBead))

< >

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