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WordPress搭建自己的网站系统_3:介绍WordPress的主题结构

2019-10-19 21:58:51
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为什么要了解WordPress的主题结构？

在正式DIY建站，也就是自己编写主题之前，首先要了解WordPress的主题结构。

WordPress的主题放置路径如下：

htdocs->wp-content-themes-主题名

WordPress的主题结构如下：

WordPress的主题结构

上图是WordPress最基本的主题结构，还有一些文件没有添加，比如archive.php（归档页面），sidebar.php（侧边栏页面）。下面开始逐一介绍其中文件的作用。

CSS文件夹：用来放置样式表文件。这单纯是为了代码的清晰和便于维护，因为WordPress允许开发者将所有的CSS代码都放入style.css中。

JavaScript文件夹：用来放置JS脚本文件。

Pages文件夹：用来放置page页面，WordPress允许开发者单独编写page页面，page页面常常用于内容固定的页面。

category.php：分类目录页面，所有的分类目录都可以通过一个固定的分类目录页面模板来进行显示，如下图所示的即是分类目录页面。

分类目录页面

footer.php：用来放置网页中公共底部的内容，这样可以使代码更清晰，也便于维护。如下图所示的即是公共底部。

公共底部

functions.php：用来编写各类函数的文件，有许多的功能需要开发者单独编写代码来实现，比如统计访问量，获取文章第一张图片等等。如下图所示的即是functions.php中实现统计访问量的代码。

统计访问量

header.php：用来放置网页中公共头部的内容， 这样可以使代码更清晰，也便于维护。如下图所示的即是公共头部。

公共头部

index.php：用来放置首页中的内容。如下图所示的即是首页内容（不包括公共头部、底部）。

首页

search.php：用来放置搜索结果页面的内容。如下图所示的即是搜索结果页面。

搜索结果页面

single.php：用来放置文章页面的内容，如下图所示的即是文章页面。

文章页面

style.css:必须包含一些说明性的代码，包括主题名、作者名、作者链接等。如果不要求结构清晰的话，也可以把所有的CSS代码都写进其中。代码如下：

/*
Theme Name: Course #主题名
URI:http://localhost #网站链接
Author: JiShu Wang #作者名
Author URI:www.loveffc.cn #作者链接
Description: A Website #描述
*/

这样的文件结构有什么好处？

1.因为大部分网站的页面中都存在公共的头部和底部，甚至侧边栏，因此WordPress将其编写为公共模板，这样我们在编写index.php、single.php、search.php等等文件的时候就可以使用WordPress提供的专有代码将公共头部的内容和公共底部的内容插入，而无需再次编写。

引入公共头部的专有代码如下：

  1. <?php get_header(); ?>

引入公共底部的专有代码如下：

  1. <?php get_footer(); ?>

2.浏览各大网站的文章页，会发现，样式布局基本都是一样的，正因如此，WordPress也将文章页面、搜索页面等等编写为模板。

当我们点击文章链接时，WordPress会从数据库读取这篇文章的标题、时间、内容等等信息统统传入文章页面，因此如果我们要编写文章页面的代码，我们只需要获得WordPress传入的这些信息，然后显示出来即可。

注意：如果你是初次编写动态网站，这一点会很难理解，但是这非常简单，简单来说原理是这样的：我们使用PHP代码获取到了WordPress传入的数据之后，只需将其包裹在HTML标签中，然后编写CSS代码控制样式即可。示例代码如下。

  1. <div class="Public-Article">
  2.     		<h1 class="Public-Article-Title"><?php echo $post->post_title;?></h1>
  3.     		<div class="Public-Article-Information">
  4.     		<b><img src="http://10.100.124.68/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Date.png" class="Icon"><?php echo $post->post_date;?></b>
  5.     		<b><img src="http://10.100.124.68/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Visitor.png" class="Icon"><?php echo post_views('',''); ?></b>
  6.     		<b><img src="http://10.100.124.68/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Comment.png" class="Icon"><?php echo number_format_i18n( get_comments_number()); ?></b>
  7.     		</div>
  8.     		<div class="Public-Article-Content">
  9. 			<?php echo $post->post_content;?>
  10.     		</div>
  11.     </div>

由此看出，我们可以通过php代码获取数据，再将其放置在HTML标签中。

这一篇文章简单讲解了WordPress的文件结构，以及文章页面调取数据的基本方法。下一篇文章我会讲解在编写首页之前应该做的准备工作。

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